From F-1 to H-1B: What International Students Need to Know About the Transition

Navigating the path from student to professional can be complex for any student, but can be especially challenging for an international student in the U.S. For many international students on F-1 status, the ultimate goal after graduation is to gain work experience and build a long-term career in the U.S., and the H-1B visa offers a path to do that. 

Understanding the Basics  

The H-1B visa is a nonimmigrant visa that allows U.S. employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. These occupations typically require a bachelor’s degree or higher in a specific field such as engineering, IT, finance, or healthcare. For F-1 students, this visa can serve as a bridge from student life to professional employment in the U.S. 

Each year, there is a cap on the number of new H-1B visas available. The standard cap is 65,000, with an additional 20,000 visas reserved for individuals who hold a U.S. master’s degree or higher. Demand far exceeds supply, which is why the U.S. government runs a lottery to select eligible applicants. Employers must register their intended candidates in the lottery, usually during March. Those that are selected are then allowed to submit a full petition within 90 days of selection. If the H-1B petition is approved, H-1B employment begins October 1st of that year. This lottery system means that even well-qualified candidates may not be selected in a given year, so it is important for F-1 students to understand both the odds and the timeline.  

Using OPT and STEM OPT 

Optional Practical Training, or OPT, provides F-1 students with the chance to work in their field of study after graduation. Standard OPT lasts up to 12 months and students with degrees in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics may be eligible for a 24-month STEM OPT extension. 

Many students begin their post-graduation employment on OPT while their employer prepares an H-1B application. If a student’s OPT expires before their H-1B status begins on October 1, they may be eligible for a cap-gap extension. This automatically extends both F-1 status and work authorization, allowing them to continue working until the H-1B takes effect.  

Finding a Sponsor and Planning Ahead 

An H-1B visa requires sponsorship from a U.S. employer. This means the employer must handle registration, file the necessary forms, and pay government filing fees. F-1 students should prioritize applying to companies with a history of sponsoring international hires and clearly communicate their visa needs during the recruitment process.  

Since H-1B registration happens early in the year, students should begin job searching well in advance and coordinate closely with potential employers to ensure they are prepared to enter the lottery on time.  

Exploring Other Options 

Given the random nature of the H-1B lottery, not every applicant will be selected. Fortunately, there are alternatives. Some students choose to continue their studies by enrolling in a higher degree program or applying for CPT. Others look for employment with cap-exempt organizations, such as universities or nonprofit research institutions. Additional visa categories like the O-1 for individuals with extraordinary ability, or the L-1 for intracompany transferees may be available depending on individual circumstances.  

Conclusion 

Moving from F-1 status to an H-1B visa is a major step that requires careful planning and a strong understanding of the process. While the lottery system can make the outcome uncertain, many students are able to navigate this transition. It is important to stay informed and be open to all available options to turn your educational experience in the U.S. into a long-term professional opportunity.  

At Berardi Immigration Law, we’ve helped countless international students successfully transition from F-1 status to H-1B and beyond. Whether you’re navigating OPT, preparing for the H-1B lottery, or exploring alternative visa options, our team is here to guide you every step of the way. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and build a strategy that supports your professional goals.